The Impact of Ideology on Lexical Borrowing in Arabic: A Synergy of Corpus Linguistics and CDA

Lexical borrowing is a natural outcome of language contact and one source of neologisms. The traditional view of lexical borrowing explains it as motivated mainly by lexical need or prestige where loans in the recipient language have more or less similar if not identical meanings with the borrowing language. Linguistic adaptation has been often seen grammatically based where grammarians or linguists assume the major task of nativizing foreign terms. This is typical in many studies on linguistic borrowing in Arabic while a secondary attention is given to semantic, sociolinguistic, and educational perspectives. The present study approached lexical borrowing as more language users’ task emphasizing their role in meaning construction. Three English loanwords in Arabic (agenda, liberal, lobby) were studied in naturally occurring language to see if their meanings and co-occurrence patterns correspond to their equivalents in English and, thus, agree with the notion of lexical need to linguistic borrowing. Some of the meanings of the loans fall under the domain of sociopolitics which is a fertile site believed to show ideological impact. Using two analytical frameworks of Sinclair (2005, 1998) and Van Dijk (2014, 2016b, 2016a), the three loanwords were investigated from corpus linguistics and CDA angles. The findings revealed different co-occurrence patterns in Arabic characterized by negative associations than in English. Negative associations were motivated by (religious, political, linguistic) ideological stances often implied in the connotations and attitudinal meanings of real language use. Ideological influence was also reproduced in Arabic dictionaries where some loanwords or their meanings are vi absent or excluded though used in formal settings. The connection between dictionary making and learning as influenced by dominant ideology was also explored

Pipe pile driving into rock

Impact driving technique is commonly used in offshore environments to install pipe piles. This technique consists in striking the pile head with a hammer to reach the required installation depth. The quest for offshore wind energy demands that pipe pile foundations be installed in increasingly challenging geotechnical conditions. To reach final installation depth, the pile has now to be driven through very dense soil with high resistance and even into rock layers. This increases the difficulty of pile driving while avoiding its damage during hammering. The objective of this thesis is to portray stresses in a pipe pile during driving into rock layer and to assess the structural integrity of the pile toe. An analytical approach has been attempted first to solve the problem for the static case. On one hand, an original analytical solution of a pipe pile subjected to non-axial static loading has been developed based on the Airy stress function. This solution gave results approaching those of Boussinesq’s plane strain solution for the case of large diameters. On the other hand, two novel closed-form solutions for cylindrical and spherical cavity expansion in a rock mass governed by a particular case of the Hoek-Brown yield criterion were developed and validated numerically. Two numerical methods were implemented to simulate dynamic pipe pile driving into rock: the Lagrangian method consisting in an axisymmetric modelling based on the “zipper type” technique and the Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian method (CEL-3D). Stresses in tubular piles during impact driving were evaluated, allowing the structural integrity of the pile toe to be assessed. To validate the proposed numerical models, a 1g reduced scale model was built, featuring different synthetic rock resistances. The developed experimental model is able to simulate pipe pile driving into rock. Comparison between numerical simulations (CEL-3D) and experimental tests showed similar results in terms of strains at the pile toe level. Based on numerical simulations and experimental results, the following conclusions can be drawn: • The power form of the Extended Drucker-Prager yield criterion can emulate the mechanical behaviour of rock mass governed by the Hoek-Brown yield criterion. • The “zipper-type” technique is applicable to quasi-static cone penetration into dense sand and fully coring penetration of pipe pile undergoing driving. • Pipe pile driving into good quality rock mass (σc>20 MPa) entails a significant risk of damaging the pile toe; the use of high steel grade is recommended.(FSA - Sciences de l'ingénieur) -- UCL, 201

Regioselective synthesis of some functionalized 3,4’-bis-(pyrazolyl)ketones and chemoselectivity in their reaction with hydrazine hydrate

A new enamino ester, (E)-ethyl 3-(dipropylamino)acrylate, was prepared and used for synthesis of various pyrazole derivatives, 4a-k and 5a-d. Other new enaminone, (E)-ethyl 3-(3-(dimethylamino)acryloyl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (8), was also prepared from compound 4a and utilized as precursor for synthesis of different functionalized 3,4'-bis-pyrazolyl ketones 9a-c, 10a-c. The site selectivity in hydrazinolysis of the latter was studied. The structures of the products namely pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazine derivatives 11(13) were confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses and by alternate unambiguous synthesis

Pipe pile driving into rock

Impact driving technique is commonly used in offshore environments to install pipe piles. This technique consists in striking the pile head with a hammer to reach the required installation depth. The quest for offshore wind energy demands that pipe pile foundations be installed in increasingly challenging geotechnical conditions. To reach final installation depth, the pile has now to be driven through very dense soil with high resistance and even into rock layers. This increases the difficulty of pile driving while avoiding its damage during hammering. The objective of this thesis is to portray stresses in a pipe pile during driving into rock layer and to assess the structural integrity of the pile toe. An analytical approach has been attempted first to solve the problem for the static case. On one hand, an original analytical solution of a pipe pile subjected to non-axial static loading has been developed based on the Airy stress function. This solution gave results approaching those of Boussinesq’s plane strain solution for the case of large diameters. On the other hand, two novel closed-form solutions for cylindrical and spherical cavity expansion in a rock mass governed by a particular case of the Hoek-Brown yield criterion were developed and validated numerically. Two numerical methods were implemented to simulate dynamic pipe pile driving into rock: the Lagrangian method consisting in an axisymmetric modelling based on the “zipper type” technique and the Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian method (CEL-3D). Stresses in tubular piles during impact driving were evaluated, allowing the structural integrity of the pile toe to be assessed. To validate the proposed numerical models, a 1g reduced scale model was built, featuring different synthetic rock resistances. The developed experimental model is able to simulate pipe pile driving into rock. Comparison between numerical simulations (CEL-3D) and experimental tests showed similar results in terms of strains at the pile toe level. Based on numerical simulations and experimental results, the following conclusions can be drawn: • The power form of the Extended Drucker-Prager yield criterion can emulate the mechanical behaviour of rock mass governed by the Hoek-Brown yield criterion. • The “zipper-type” technique is applicable to quasi-static cone penetration into dense sand and fully coring penetration of pipe pile undergoing driving. • Pipe pile driving into good quality rock mass (σc>20 MPa) entails a significant risk of damaging the pile toe; the use of high steel grade is recommended.(FSA - Sciences de l'ingénieur) -- UCL, 201

VANET-Based Traffic Monitoring and Incident Detection System: A Review

As a component of intelligent transport systems (ITS), vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), which is a subform of manet, has been identified. It is established on the roads based on available vehicles and supporting road infrastructure, such as base stations. An accident can be defined as any activity in the environment that may be harmful to human life or dangerous to human life. In terms of early detection, and broadcast delay. VANET has shown various problems. The available technologies for incident detection and the corresponding algorithms for processing. The present problem and challenges of incident detection in VANET technology are discussed in this paper. The paper also reviews the recently proposed methods for early incident techniques and studies them

Reliable and efficient data dissemination schemein VANET: a review

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), identified as a mobile ad hoc network MANETs with several added constraints. Basically, in VANETs, the network is established on the fly based on the availability of vehicles on roads and supporting infrastructures along the roads, such as base stations. Vehicles and road-side infrastructures are required to provide communication facilities, particularly when enough vehicles are not available on the roads for effective communication. VANETs are crucial for providing a wide range of safety and non-safety applications to road users. However, the specific fundamental problem in VANET is the challenge of creating effective communication between two fast-moving vehicles. Therefore, message routing is an issue for many safety and non-safety of VANETs applications. The challenge in designing a robust but reliable message dissemination technique is primarily due to the stringent QoS requirements of the VANETs safety applications. This paper investigated various methods and conducted literature on an idea to develop a model for efficient and reliable message dissemination routing techniques in VANET

Development of 3-D Finite Element Models for Geo-Jute Reinforced Flexible Pavement

In this study, three dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis are performed to evaluate the effect of geo-textile interlayer on the performance of flexible pavement. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the improvement in stress distribution of flexible pavement due to the application of geo-jute at three specific positions i.e., subgrade-base interface, base-asphalt layer interface, and within asphalt layers. Stress, strain and displacement values are investigated and compared for the application of geo-jute interlayer on various positions. Moreover, to better understand the mechanistic behavior of geo-jute on pavement subgrade, a separate 3-D finite element model is developed to simulate the California bearing ratio (CBR) test on geo-jute reinforced soil. Results showed that the inclusion of geo-jute on flexible pavement significantly improves the pavement performance by producing lower stress, strain, and displacement at top of the subgrade. Moreover, the bearing capacity of subgrade soil increased more than 20% due to the inclusion of geo-jute

A Design-led FEWW Nexus Approach For Qatar University

Demographic explosion, climate change, urbanization, change of life quality, and food demand have put extra pressure on Food, Energy, Water, and Waste (FEWW) resources.A special focus has been placed on university campuses as they are representative urban communities with a substantial need for food, energy, and water and they generate waste. Furthermore, universities can be models for the community as they can apply and disseminate new ideas. The case study of the Qatar University via the Doha Living Lab (DLL) generates ideas and gives solutions to the FEWW Nexus through urban agriculture practices adopted to the climatic conditions of Qatar. The DLL follows the M-NEX Design method consisting of three steps: Design Development, Design Evaluation, and Implementation by engaging stakeholders and the local community. The areas of the DLL increase food production on the campus while minimizing the use of energy and water, enhance biodiversity as well as soil quality by valorizing food waste. The carbon footprint of DLL is reduced by 2% when the same quantity of food is produced locally than imported. This applies when 75% of the energy needs come from renewable sources, 75% of the needed animal feed comes from bio waste, and finally, when novel greenhouse technologies are utilized with low energy consumption. According to the research results, the FEWW Nexus and food production on campus can be sustainable in terms of low carbon footprint with minimal resource use, use of renewable energy sources, and food waste valorization